Apparatus for the production and strengthening of electrical vibrations.



1 1 J. SCHIESSLER. APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUGTION AND STRENGTHENING OF ELECTRICAL VIBBATIONS. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 23, 1910.

1,101,148, Patented June 23,1914,

' 1 UNITED STATES ngm- OFFICE JOSE! scnmssnmaor BADE NEAR viENNA, AUs'rRIA-HUNGARY. I

erremrus non THE raonvcrzon AND STRENGTHENING or emecrnrcan vIBaAr-mNs. h i

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Josnr SCHIESSLER, subject of the Emperor of AustriaaHungary, residing at Baden, near Vienna, Austria- Hungary, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for the Production and Strengthening of Electrical Vibrations, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to apparatus for I the production of electrical oscillations of high frequency and has for its object to provide an apparatus of the kmd mentioned, in which a luminous are between electrodes,-

which'regulates itself to equal tension, cur-g rent intensity or resistance is used for the generation of electrical oscillations by means of asuitable rotating magnet system. The

- striking of the are as well as the adjustment sion, current intensity or resistance as hereand regulation of the same to constant teninbefore mentioned is performed by another system of magnets (hereinafter termed holding-and regulating magnets) which are adjustable within wide limits and are con-{ nected up in series or in parallel or,dif-. ferentially with the arc. The holding magnets strike the arc and tend to maintain it; at a definite length; at thesame time they give the desired amount of tension to the; resilient member on which the electrode or contact is mounted. These holding'magnets must therefore be of some powerful con-i struction. On the other hand the said hold- 5 ing. magnets exert a powerful damping aced electrode and hence on the luminous arc.-'

In the generator circuit therefore an undulating current of sinusoidal shape occurs I SGIlGS 1n a circuit to WlllCh continuous curwhich sets into-oscillations an adjustable oscillation circuit coupled with the generator circuit in which continuous and nearly undampcd oscillations are thereby produced.

As the electrodes are likely to be unduly heated, a suitable cooling of the same will occasionally prove necessary. Such coohng I Specification of Letters Patent. 7 Patented June 23, .1914, Application filed November 23, 1910. Serial No. 593,890.

for example two luminous arcs, although, in

actual practical construction, four or a mulrangements of apparatus according to the tiple of four luminous arcs would be providcd. Fig. 2 shows an arrangement for transmitting the vibrations of a generator circuit to transmitting antennae. Fig; 3 is an arrangement whereby thecooling of the electrodes isperformed by a suitable construction of the rotatingmagnet system, a

second disk de In the arrangement shown in Fig. 1 there are two luminous arcs the electrodes 1, 2 and 3, 4 of which are made of metal capable with appropriate holes being i p I of-being magnetized, such for example as iron, or of alloys capable of being magnetized and are fixed to elastic or spring car- To enable the luminous arc to be struck and maintained the positive electrodes 1 and 3 are each provided with a craterl) made of a metal or alloy that is difficult to fuse and each negative electrode 2 and 4 is provided with a cone 10 of material of a like nature. Both parts 9 and 10, which will be interchangeable and may be made of a radio-active metal, such "as uranium and the like, or of an alloy possessing the same property, for the purpose of ionizing the gap be tween the electrodes. In some cases the positive contact alone may be made of a radio-active metal,

The two luminous arcs are connected in rent is supplied through the terminals 11 and 12. The positive terminal 11 is con nected by conductor 13 to the connecting terminal 17 of the positive electrode 1 of one of the luminous-arcs, through a self induction coil 14'provided with a closed-subdivided iron core and through the windings of two'electromagnets 15 and 16. The con-- necting terminal 18 of the negative electrode 2 of'this luminous are is connected to the connecting terminal 22 of the positive electrode 3 of the second luminous arc, throughthewindings' of two electromagnets 20 and t5 matically illustrate constructions or. ar-- 21. The connectin'gfterminal23 of the elec- 'riers 5, 6 and 7, 8 respectively, or are made 7 mone plecetherewlth.

hereinafter termed contacts ma be made i trode 4 of this second luminous are is connected to the negative terminal 12 by a conductor 24, through a self induction coil 25 also provided with a closed subdivided iron core. The subdivision of the closed iron cores of the coils 14 and 25 is in each case considerable.

A shunt 26 of the circuit just described includes the windings of regulating electromagnets 27, 28 corresponding to each of the luminous arcs respectively. The pairs of electrodes 1, 2 and 3, 4 which formdhe luminous arcs-and the other luminous arcs which in practice are connected in series therewith and of which for practical purposes there are four or a multiple of four, are arranged in a circular row around a disk 29 formed of aluminium or similar material and mounted rigidly upon a shaft 30 that is rotated by a high-speed-motor. Arranged at equal distances from each other upon the periphery of the disk 29 are magnetized steel pins or screws 31, the suitably proportioned heads of which act simultaneously upon the inner electrodes 1, 4 of all the luminous arcs when the disk rotates and whereby the lengths of the luminous arcs are periodically varied.

The cores of the holding electromagnets 15, 16 and 20, 21, which as hereinb'efore stated are connected in series and are ad justable if necessary, are situated opposite thecorresponding electrodes 1, 2, 3 and 4 and they tend to keep the springs 5, 6 and 7, 8 which carry them parallel to each other.

Vl hen' no current is passing through the coils ofthemagnets 15, 16, 20 and 21 the electrodes 1, 2 and 3,4 are in contact with each other. 27 28 which, as hereinbefore stated are included in a shunt circuit and may likewise be adjustable if necessary, act upon the outer electrodes 2, 3 of each luminous arc and are so arranged that their axes lie in the direct-ion of the luminous are or in lines drawn through the corresponding contacts 9 and 10.

The holding magnets 15, 16, 20, 21 and the regulating magnets 27, 28 may in some constructions be without cores, that is to say may be constructed as solenoids, particularly in cases where magnetic hysteresis has a disturbing effect. The regulating magnets 27, 28 may either be connected in any suitable manner, for instance in'series as shown in shunt or diiferentially, that is to say some of them be connected up in series and the rest in shunt.

The rotatingmagnet system may be conveniently prpvided with ,two aluminium disks 29 and 29, Fig. 3, which may be arranged a; slight distance one above the other, the lower one being formed with holes 29 through which the air flows from below and. is driven radially outwardly from between the disks by centrifugal force.

The regulating electromagnets Along distance electric transmission system may be directly connected in-any suitable manner to a vibration generator constructed as described, or, forthe purpose of Wireless transmission, there may be connected thereto an antennae system with an interposed vibration circuit consisting of an adjustable self inductioncoiland variable capacity device; the interposition of a vibration circuit being also of advantagein the connection of long distance transmission systems.

In the vibration arrangement shown in Fig. 2 the conductor 19 of the vibration generator is inductively connected by means of a transformer 33, to a closed vibration circuit 34 which includes an adjustable condenser constituting the capacity device 35 by charging and discharging which the said circuit is set in independent vibration. In the example under notice these independent vibrations are transmitted by inductive, that is to say magnetic, connection to an air conductor system 37. In this arrangement hereinafter described, the primary and secondary circuits maybe connected by the condensershown in my application Serial No. 738,304. y

The action of the arrangement described is as follows: As soon as current is sent into the transmitting circuit at the terminals 11 and 12, Fig.1, the two elastically mounted electrodes of each luminous arc will be moved the necessary distance apart to strike the are, by the holding magnets 15, 16, 20, 21. As both elastic electrodes are touching one another when at rest, the circuit of current entering at the terminals 11 and 12 is closed, and therefore the current can pass through the windings of the holding magnets 15, 16, 20, 21. These magnets, when energized, at-

tract their'armatures 1 and 2 respectively,

27 and 28, connected in shunt, are energized and maintain the length and tension of the. are at a practically constant value which, if

any disturbance occurs, is restricted by means of the arrangement described which is self-regulating. The said system is now.

influenced periodically by means of the rotating magnet system 29, 31, as soon as this system is ,set into operation after the arc has been struck. As soon as the magnets c0nstituted by the'magnetized' steel screws 31 are brought opposite the inner electrodes 1, 4

these electrodes are attracted, so that the length of the luminous arcs and consetween the pairs of electrodes increases. The

elements 5, 7 15 and 21 cooperate with the quently also the difference of tension ber the mass of the revolving magn either accurately compensated when madeor are combined with a regulating reducing resistance which enables accurate adjustment to normal conditions to be made." The number of the fluctuations ofthe tension in the transmitting circuit depends on the number of the magnets 31 of the rotating system and on the speed at which the latter is driven by the high speed electric motor. When the number of magnets is constant this speedcan be regulated within wide limits by means of a reducing rheostat. The intenslty of the vibration en ergy produced by the vibration generator can be increased by increasing the number of luminous arcs arranged in the circuit. In like manner the fluctuation of'the tension can beincreased by placing the revolving magnets closer to the inner elastically mounted electrodes 1, 4 and by increasing ets.

The .holdin magnets 15, 16, 20, 21 cooperate with t e regulatin magnets 27 and 28, and attract the electro es moved out of their positions by the magnetic pins of the disk, thereby restoring the normal length and the normal tension of the are. This result will occur the sooner the stronger the attractive force of the electromagnets 15, 16,

20, 21 is made bysuitable construction of the same. -The function of said electromagnets is therefore to damp the electrodes which I are oscillating with decreasing amplitude,

very strongly, so that, instead of a periodic, an almost aperiodic oscillation takes place. Of course, thereby also the length of the arc and its tension is subjected to nearly aperiodic variations,wher eby strongly damped currentimpulses occur in the primary cir cuit, which set up very weakly damped-oscillations of high frequency in the-secondary circuit. i

-I claim: I

1. In apparatus for the production of electrical oscillations, a" generator comprising means-to produce a luminous arc, means to automatically regulate said are to a normal p my hand in presence of two subscribing 'wittension, a normal strength of current or re: sistance and magnetic means to periodically and regularly vary the length and consequently the tension of said are.

2. In apparatus such as described, a generator comprising arc forming electrodes,

magnetic means to automatically regulate said are and controlled by current supplied to said electrodes and magnetic means to regularly and periodically var' the length and consequently the tension 0 said are by varying the distance between the electrodes. 3. In apparatus such as described, a generator comprising yieldingly supported are forming electrodes, electro-magnetic means to hold the electrodes apart during the pas sage of current between them, electro-magnetic means to regulate the length of said are and magnetic means to periodically and regularly var the length and consequently the tenslon 0 said are.

' 4. In apparatus such as described, a generator. comprising are forming electrodes, yielding supports for the electrodes, electromagnetic means acting on the yielding supports and electrodes to hold said electrodes apart and in series with the electrodes, and

electro-magnetic means in shunt with. and acting on one of the electrodes to control the length of the arc.

5. In apparatus such as described, a generator comprising yieldingly mounted metallic electrodes melting at high temperature', means to form and means to regulate the length of are formed between the electrodes, and means to periodically and regularly vary the length of are.

6; In apparatus such as described, a generator including cooperating electrodes one of which has an active element comprising a crater and the other has an active element comprising a cone, one of said elements constituted o radio-active metal for the purplpse of ionizing'the gases in'the gap between t em.

' 7. In apparatus such as described, a generator including cooperating electrodes one of which has an active element comprising a' crater and the other has an active element them, I 8. In apparatus such as described, a generator comprising yieldingly mounted electrodes, electro-magnetic means acting on the electrodes to form an are between them, electro-magnetic means to control the length of are, a rotating magnetic stem adjacent one of the electrodes to perio icall vary the tension between the electrodes, an means to control the speed of rotation of the system.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set nesses. v

' v ,JOSEF SCHIESSLER. Witnesses? :1

'Josnr finnncn,

Bnnonn.

comprisin a cone, both of said elements con- 

